Factors associated with the occurrence of adverse events in critical elderly patients. / Fatores relacionados à ocorrência de eventos adversos em pacientes idosos críticos.

OBJECTIVE:: to identify the factors associated with the occurrence of adverse events in critical elderly patients admitted to intensive care unit according to demographic and clinical characteristics. METHOD:: a retrospective cohort study was conducted in nine units of a teaching hospital. Data were collected from medical records and from monitoring of nursing shift change. We used the t-test/Mann-Whitney, chi-square and logistic regression to test associations. Significance level of 5% was used. RESULTS:: out of the 315 elderly, 94 experienced events. Those who experienced events were men (60.6%) with mean age of 70.7 years, length of hospital stay of 10.6 days and survivors (61.7%). Most of the 183 events were clinical processes and procedures (37.1%). There was an association between adverse event and length of hospital stay in the unit (p=0.000; OR=1.10, 95% CI [1.06, 1.14]). CONCLUSION:: the identification of associated events and factors in the elderly subsidize the prevention of these occurrences before the vulnerability of this age group.

Fatores relacionados à ocorrência de eventos adversos em pacientes idosos críticos / Factores relacionados con el acaecimiento de eventos adversos en pacientes críticos de edad avanzada / Factors associated with the occurrence of adverse events in critical elderly patients

RESUMO Objetivo: identificar os fatores relacionados à ocorrência de eventos adversos em pacientes idosos críticos internados em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva segundo características demográficas e clínicas. Método: estudo de coorte retrospectivo realizado em nove unidades de um hospital universitário. Os dados foram coletados dos prontuários e do acompanhamento de passagens de plantão de enfermagem. Utilizou-se o Teste-t/Mann-Whitney, Qui-quadrado e Regressão Logística para verificar associações. Nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: do total de 315 idosos, 94 sofreram eventos. Os que sofreram eventos eram homens (60,6%), com média de idade de 70,7 anos, permanência de 10,6 dias e sobreviventes (61,7%). Dos 183 eventos, houve predomínio do tipo processo clínico e procedimento (37,1%). Houve associação entre evento adverso e tempo de permanência na unidade (p=0,000; OR=1,10; IC95%=[1,06;1,14]). Conclusão: a identificação dos eventos e fatores associados no idoso subsidiam a prevenção dessas ocorrências perante as vulnerabilidades dessa faixa etária.

RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar los factores relacionados con el acaecimiento de eventos adversos en pacientes críticos de edad avanzada según características demográficas y clínicas, internados en Unidades de Terapia Intensiva. Método: estudio de corte retrospectivo realizado en nueve unidades de un hospital universitario. Se recolectaron datos de los prontuarios y del acompañamiento de la guardia de enfermería. Las asociaciones se comprobaron mediante la Prueba de Mann-Whitney, la distribución de Pearson (ji cuadrado) y la Regresión Logística. El nivel de significación fue del 5%. Resultados: sufrieron eventos 94 personas mayores del total de 315, siendo del sexo masculino el 60,6%, con edad promedio de 70,7 años, permanencia de 10,6 días y sobrevivencia del 61,7%. De los 183 eventos, predominó el proceso clínico y el procedimiento (37,1%). Se observó que el evento adverso y el tiempo de permanencia en la unidad estaban relacionados (p=0,000; OR=1,10; IC95%=[1,06;1,14]). Conclusión: la identificación de los eventos y de los factores asociados a la vejez auxilia en la prevención de dichos sucesos frente a la vulnerabilidad de ese grupo de edad.

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the factors associated with the occurrence of adverse events in critical elderly patients admitted to intensive care unit according to demographic and clinical characteristics. Method: a retrospective cohort study was conducted in nine units of a teaching hospital. Data were collected from medical records and from monitoring of nursing shift change. We used the t-test/Mann-Whitney, chi-square and logistic regression to test associations. Significance level of 5% was used. Results: out of the 315 elderly, 94 experienced events. Those who experienced events were men (60.6%) with mean age of 70.7 years, length of hospital stay of 10.6 days and survivors (61.7%). Most of the 183 events were clinical processes and procedures (37.1%). There was an association between adverse event and length of hospital stay in the unit (p=0.000; OR=1.10, 95% CI [1.06, 1.14]). Conclusion: the identification of associated events and factors in the elderly subsidize the prevention of these occurrences before the vulnerability of this age group.